Authors: Michael B. Thomas
Citation: Michael B. Thomas. 2017. Updated Freshwater Algae Checklist of Bhutan. National Herbarium, National Biodiversity Centre, Ministry of Agriculture. Serbithang, Thimphu, Bhutan. http://www.bhutanbiodiversity.net/, accessed yyyy-mm-dd.
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Locality: Bhutan (27.332740, 90.439450)
Abstract: The knowledge of the plants of Bhutan, especially concerning the freshwater Algae is understudied. During the summer (August-September) of 1958, Prof. Dr. Sasuke Nakao made what is believed to be the first freshwater algae survey in Bhutan at the request of M. Hirano. Hirano (1964, 1966) reports algae observations based on these specimen collections. The collections of algae consisted chiefly of specimens obtained from high elevation areas of Bhutan including Bumthang, Gasa, Thimphu, and Haa Districts. Collection sites are noted and ranged from 2700 meters above sea level (asl) to an elevation of 4500 m asl. The vegetation consisted of evergreen forest at 2700 m and Abies-forest at 3200–3300 m. Some algae were obtained among mosses growing on tree-trunks. The vegetation changes to Juniper forest at about 3500 m were trees were reported to be covered with Mecodium species. The highest collecting sites were at an elevation of about 4500 m at Pame Tso. The algae found in the ponds of Pame Tso (4500 m) and Tsamba (about 3600 m) are composed primarily of desmids and diatoms. The climate of the Himalayan region is complicated but becomes generally wetter toward the east, especially compared with the western dry parts of the Nepal Himalaya and Karakoram.

References:
Hirano, Minoru. 1966. Freshwater Algae of Bhutan II. Acta Phytotaxonomica et Geobotanica. Vol. 22, No. 1-2 p. 44-48.
https://www.jstage.jst.go.jp/article/bunruichiri/22/1-2/22_KJ00002992821/_article

Hirano, Minoru. 1964. Freshwater Algae of Bhutan I. Acta Phytotaxonomica et Geobotanica. Vol. 21, No. 5-6, p. 181-192.
https://www.jstage.jst.go.jp/article/bunruichiri/21/5-6/21_KJ00001077975/_article

Notes: Project supported by the United States Fulbright Scholar Program, Washington, D.C. (2017). The Fulbright Program is the flagship international educational exchange program sponsored by the U.S. government.

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Families: 22
Genera: 32
Species: 82 (species rank)
Total Taxa: 83 (including subsp. and var.)
Gasa Dzong (Gasa District), Distribution: Europe and United States of America.
Near Tsamba (Bumthang District) and Pame Tso (Bumthang District), Distribution: Cosmopolitan.
Gasa Dzong (Gasa District), Distribution: Cosmopolitan.
Near Tsamba (Bumthang District), Distribution: Cosmopolitan.
Pame Tso (Bumthang District), Distribution: Japan, Siberia, Europe, and Australia.
Between Laya and Gasa (Gasa District), Pame Tso (Bumthang District), Distribution: Japan, Manchuria, India, Ceylon, Europe, N. America, and E. Africa
Pame Tso (Bumthang District), Distribution: Japan, Sumatra, Europe, and arctic Canada.
Near Tsamba (Bumthang District), Distribution: Japan, India, Ceylon, Europe, and U.S.A.
Pame Tso (Bumthang District), Distribution: Bhutan.
Near Tsamba (Bumthang District), Distribution: S. China, Japan, Europe, Nova Zembla, Greenland, Spitzbergen, and N. America.
Pame Tso (Bumthang District), Distribution: England.
Pame Tso (Bumthang District), Distribution: Japan, Ceylon, Europe, Greenland, and arctic Canada.
Pame Tso (Bumthang District), Distribution: Burma, S. China, Sumatra, Japan, Europe, Greenland, Spitzbergen, N. & S. America, and Africa.
Pame Tso (Bumthang District), Distribution: Japan, China, Java, Sumatra, Europe, and N. America.
Pame Tso (Bumthang District), Distribution: Siberia (Baikal).
Between Laya and Gasa (Gasa District), Pame Tso (Bumthang District), Distribution: Europe.
Near Tsamba (Bumthang District), Distribution: Cosmopolitan.
Pame Tso (Bumthang District), Distribution: Afghanistan and Europe.
Pame Tso (Bumthang District), Distribution: Europe.
Pame Tso (Bumthang District), Distribution: Cosmopolitan.
Near Tsamba (Bumthang District), Distribution: Europe.
Near Tsamba (Bumthang District), Distribution: Yunnan, Szechwan, Japan ,Siberia ,Tibet, Pamir, Afghanistan, Asia Minor, and Europe.
Between Laya and Gasa (Gasa District), Near Tsamba (Bumthang District), Distribution: India, Yunnan, Szechwan, Japan, Afghanistan, and Europe.
Pame Tso (Bumthang District), Distribution: Cosmopolitan.
Gasa Dzong (Gasa District), Distribution: Tibet, Pamir, Afghanistan, Java ,Sumatra, and. Europe.
Pame Tso (Bumthang District), Distribution: India, Siberia ,Manchuria, Japan ,Europe, N. America, and Africa.
Pame Tso (Bumthang District), Distribution: Thailand, Ceylon, Japan, Siberia, Europe, North and S. America.
Pame Tso (Bumthang District), Distribution: Nepal and Europe.
Pame Tso (Bumthang District), Distribution: Java ,Europe, and Greenland.
Pame Tso (Bumthang District), Distribution: Mongolia, Europe, Greenland, and N. America.
Between Laya and Gasa (Gasa District), Distribution: Burma, Eurepe, and Greenland.
Between Laya and Gasa (Gasa District), Distribution: Java, Sumatra, Afghanistan, Europe, and Greenalnd.
Between Laya and Gasa (Gasa District), Distribution: Java, Sumatra, Europe and Greenland.
Sele La (Haa District), Pame Tso (Bumthang District), Gasa Dzong (Gasa District)., Distribution: Northern Europe and Canada.
Pame Tso (Bumthang District), Distribution: India, Nepal, and Burma.
Between Laya and Gasa (Gasa District), Distribution: Thailand, Java, Sumatra, Japan, Pamir, Afghanistan, Europe, Greenland, N. Arnerica, and Argentina.
Sele La (Haa District), Distribution: Java, Sumatra, Pamir, Tibet, Mongolia. Siberia (Baikal), Afghanistan, Europe, Greenland, N. America, Patagonia, and Antarctica.
Pame Tso (Bumthang District), Distribution: Europe, Greenland, and Canada.
Between Laya and Gasa (Gasa District), Distribution: Germany and probably Sweden.
Between Laya and Gasa (Gasa District), Distribution: Siberia (Baikal), Europe, and Greenland.
Between Laya and Gasa (Gasa District), Distribution: Northern Europe.
Pame Tso (Bumthang District), Distribution: Northern Europe, Greenland, and Canada.
Between Laya and Gasa (Gasa District), Near Tsamba (Bumthang District), and Pame Tso (Bumthang District), Distribution: Java, Sumatra, and Afghanistan.
Pame Tso (Bumthang District), Distribution: Northern Thailand, Europe, and Canada.
Near Tsamba (Bumthang District), Distribution: Yunnan, Japan,Tibet, Pamir, Afghanistan, Europe, and Greenland.
Gasa Dzong (Gasa District), Distribution: Afghanistan, Java , Japan, and Europe.
Pame Tso (Bumthang District), Distribution: Northern Europe.
Near Tsamba (Bumthang District), Distribution: Burma, Yunnan, Java, Sumatra, Afghanistan, and Europe.
Between Laya and Gasa (Gasa District), Distribution: Burma, Japan, Europe, and N. America.
Pame Tso (Bumthang District), Distribution: Tibet, Pamir, Siberia (Baikal ), Japan, Europe, and N. America.
Gasa Dzong (Gasa District), Distribution: Cosmopolitan.
Near Tsamba (Bumthang District), Distribution: Europe.
Near Tsamba (Bumthang District), Distribution: Europe.
Between Laya and Gasa (Gasa District), Distribution: Szechwan, Tibet, Afghanistan, and Europe.
Near Tsamba (Bumthang District), Distribution: Cosmopolitan.
Pame Tso (Bumthang District), Distribution: Europe.
Near Tsamba (Bumthang District), Distribution: Europe.
Pame Tso (Bumthang District), Distribution: Japan, Europe, N. America, and Africa.
Gasa Dzong (Gasa District)
Pame Tso (Bumthang District), Distribution: Europe and United States of America.
Gasa Dzong (Gasa District), Distribution:
Between Laya and Gasa (Gasa District), Distribution: Europe, N. America, Africa.
Near Tsamba (Bumthang District), Distribution: Burma, Japan, N. America, Europe, and Africa.
Near Tsamba (Bumthang District), Distribution: China, Japan, Europe, N. America, and Africa.
Pame Tso (Bumthang District), Distribution: Afghanistan and Europe.
Pame Tso (Bumthang District), Distribution: Nepal, Tibet, Pamir, Manchuria, and Europe.
Pame Tso (Bumthang District), Distribution: Europe.
Near Tsamba (Bumthang District), Pame Tso (Bumthang District), Distribution: Afghanistan and Europe.
Between Laya and Gasa (Gasa District), Distribution: Northern Europe.
Between Laya and Gasa (Gasa District), Distribution: Afghanistan and Europe.
Near Tsamba (Bumthang District), Distribution: Europe.
Pame Tso (Bumthang District), Distribution: Afghanistan and Europe.
Bumthang Chu (Bumthang District), Yale La (Thimphu District), Distribution: Nepal, southwest China, and Formosa.
Pame Tso (Bumthang District), Distribution: Europe (Germany).
Gasa Dzong (Gasa District), Distribution: Burma, Europe, Africa. Probably cosmopolitan.
Pame Tso (Bumthang District), Distribution: Europe and N. America. Cosmopolitan.
Pame Tso (Bumthang District), Distribution: Cosmopolitan
Pame Tso (Bumthang District), Distribution: Cosmopolitan.
Gasa Dzong (Gasa District), Distribution: Europe and United States of America.
Gasa Dzong (Gasa District), Distribution: Cosmopolitan.
Pame Tso (Bumthang District), Distribution: Europe.
Pame Tso (Bumthang District), Distribution: Europe.
Between Laya and Gasa (Gasa District), Distribution: Europe.
Gasa Dzong (Gasa District), Distribution: India, Java, Sumatra, Yunnan, Szechwan, Japan, Pamir, Afghanistan, Central Asia, Asla Minor, and Europe.
Gasa Dzong (Gasa District), Distribution: Cosmopolitan.
Between Laya and Gasa (Gasa District), Pame Tso (Bumthang District), Distribution: Tibet, Pamir, Siberia (Baikal ), Japan, Europe, and Greenland.
Pame Tso (Bumthang District), Distribution: Siberia (Baikal) and Europe.
Pame Tso (Bumthang District), Distribution: Europe.